ALPHABET.

a	Like a in German Mann.
e	Like e in helmet.
i	Like i in it.
o	Like o in German Mord.
u	Like u in German Furcht.
â	Like a in car.
ê	Like ea in great.
î	Like ee in teem.
ô	Like o in rose.
û	Like oo in loo.
êⁱ	Long e with an i-tinge.
ô^u	Long o with a u-tinge.
í, ú	Vowels of very short quantities.
ä	As in German wählen.
^a, ^e, ⁱ, ^E	Superior vowels indicated only by the position of the mouth.
E	Obscure vowel.
aⁱ	Like i in island.
a^u	Like ou in mouth.
e^u	Diphthong e + u.
q	Velar k.
q!	Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion.
ɣ	Velar spirant produced way back in the palate, which often sounds like weak r.
x	Like ch in German Bach.
g, k	As in English, sonants and surds difficult to distinguish.
k!	Like k, with very great stress of explosion.
g^.	Palatized g.
k^.	Palatized k.
k^.!	Palatized explosive k.
x^.	Palatized ch.
d, t	As in English, surds and sonants difficult to distinguish.
t!	Like t, with very great stress of explosion.
t`	Aspirated t.
s	As in English.
c	Like sh in English she.
dj	Like j in English judge.
ts	As in English sits.
tc	Like ch in English church.
p. 4
ts!, tc!	Same as preceding, but with very great stress of explosion.
b, p	As in English, surds and sonants difficult to distinguish.
p!	Like p, with very great stress of explosion.
l, m, n	As in English.
n	Vocalized n.
l, m, n	Very long.
ɫ	Spirant lateral.
L	Sonant lateral pronounced very much like dl.
L	Surd lateral pronounced very much like tl.
L!	Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion.
?	Glottal catch.
x	Velar aspiration.
x.	Palatal aspiration.
h, y, w	As in English.
'	Stress accent.
~	Accent with an interrogative intonation.

ALPHABET.

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