These files are articles excerpted from a number of scholarly (and not-so-scholarly) journals. Many of them have been edited more or less extensively to remove both the untranslated text that often accompanies the translation and the more specialized notes and comments. I have made the assumption that those who need to reference the in-depth philological discussions of these long-dead Victorian Orientalists will have access to the original source materials; please forgive me if I am mistaken.

There were for all intents and purposes no hard standards in transcription at the time that these were written (and there are still none today); I have done my best to represent the varied systems as closely as possible in order to facilitate the transition to unicode that I hope to see in the near future. A period directly before any letter represents a dot-under, a double quote represents a dot-over, and a forward slash (/) before a consonant represents an acute marking over it. For /S and /s, however, I have used Š and š. Acute, grave, and circumflex accents (over vowels) have been rendered directly in HTML, and line-over vowels (macrons) are also shown as circumflex. Where macrons and circumflexes appear together, macrons are shown before the letter that they modify or otherwise noted. The º mark before a vowel represents the 'short' (breve) diacritic; the same marking is also sometimes used in Tibetan transcriptions and in other places, but is not ambiguous. As of August 2002, I have begun the transition to unicode, so please let us know if there are any problems related to that.

Last updated December 15, 2003.

These files are articles excerpted from a number of scholarly (and not-so-scholarly) journals. Many of them have been edited more or less extensively to remove both the untranslated text that often accompanies the translation and the more specialized notes and comments. I have made the assumption that those who need to reference the in-depth philological discussions of these long-dead Victorian Orientalists will have access to the original source materials; please forgive me if I am mistaken.

There were for all intents and purposes no hard standards in transcription at the time that these were written (and there are still none today); I have done my best to represent the varied systems as closely as possible in order to facilitate the transition to unicode that I hope to see in the near future. A period directly before any letter represents a dot-under, a double quote represents a dot-over, and a forward slash (/) before a consonant represents an acute marking over it. For /S and /s, however, I have used Š and š. Acute, grave, and circumflex accents (over vowels) have been rendered directly in HTML, and line-over vowels (macrons) are also shown as circumflex. Where macrons and circumflexes appear together, macrons are shown before the letter that they modify or otherwise noted. The º mark before a vowel represents the 'short' (breve) diacritic; the same marking is also sometimes used in Tibetan transcriptions and in other places, but is not ambiguous. As of August 2002, I have begun the transition to unicode, so please let us know if there are any problems related to that.

Last updated December 15, 2003.

These files are articles excerpted from a number of scholarly (and not-so-scholarly) journals. Many of them have been edited more or less extensively to remove both the untranslated text that often accompanies the translation and the more specialized notes and comments. I have made the assumption that those who need to reference the in-depth philological discussions of these long-dead Victorian Orientalists will have access to the original source materials; please forgive me if I am mistaken.

There were for all intents and purposes no hard standards in transcription at the time that these were written (and there are still none today); I have done my best to represent the varied systems as closely as possible in order to facilitate the transition to unicode that I hope to see in the near future. A period directly before any letter represents a dot-under, a double quote represents a dot-over, and a forward slash (/) before a consonant represents an acute marking over it. For /S and /s, however, I have used Š and š. Acute, grave, and circumflex accents (over vowels) have been rendered directly in HTML, and line-over vowels (macrons) are also shown as circumflex. Where macrons and circumflexes appear together, macrons are shown before the letter that they modify or otherwise noted. The º mark before a vowel represents the 'short' (breve) diacritic; the same marking is also sometimes used in Tibetan transcriptions and in other places, but is not ambiguous. As of August 2002, I have begun the transition to unicode, so please let us know if there are any problems related to that.

Last updated December 15, 2003.